Performance Standard Parameter to be achieved
(When measured at any time during the year)
Comment
Depth of sand Min. firmed depth of 100mm This would be on the floor of the bunker. Another figure would also be included for bunker faces, to a minimum of 50mm depth.
Evenness of surface A smooth finish ±6mm To be achieved following each raking operation.
Surface debris No surface stones or leaves etc to be present These would be cleared in the morning during raking. Subsurface stones should be gradually eliminated through the process of raking. If excess stones keep appearing then the most practical solution would probably be to renovate the bunker entirely.
Bunker edges Grass overhang : Max. 25mm This would ensure that the bunkers are neatly trimmed, although greenside bunkers would most likely be more manicured than fairway/rough bunkers, so different figures may be required. The evenness of the perimeter line may also be included so that damaged edges are repaired if a deviation, say ± 18mm, from the line occurs.
Sand particle analysis Majority of particles to be within 0.125 & 1.00 mm. More specific figures should be given, e.g.
  • 25% between 0.125 - 0.25mm;
  • 50% between 0.25-0.5mm, &
  • 25% between 0.5 &1mm

A sub-angular particle would be preferred to provide the sand with some binding potential, allowing for a firmer surface, especially on the faces of bunkers.

Note: Other criteria for inclusion in some of the standards might be traction, surface hardness, litter/debris, removal of dew, or for certain operations to be completed by a given time, e.g. all bunkers to be fully raked before 10.00 a.m. each day.